Is Petroleum Jelly Bad For You?

Petroleum jelly is a household staple, touted for its versatility in soothing dry skin, healing minor cuts and locking in moisture. But with buzzwords like "toxins" floating around social media, you might find yourself wondering: ‌Is petroleum jelly bad for you?‌

The short answer? Not really — if you're using the right kind.

Concerns about cancer risks and toxicity often stem from misunderstandings about how petroleum jelly is made and refined. Ahead, we'll break down the science, address the rumors and help you feel confident about whether or not to keep that jar of petroleum on your shelf.

Let's start with the basics: Petroleum jelly is a hydrocarbon-based product made from leftover material in oil and gas production, according to Michigan State University. Manufacturers refine these hydrocarbons to filter out impurities, turning them into the odorless, semi-solid substance we know as petroleum jelly.

Petroleum jelly goes by many alternative names, but the most common are petrolatum and white petrolatum. The main difference? Purity.

White petrolatum undergoes a stricter refining process, including distillation and hydrogenation, which removes impurities and reduces aromatic content, says David Petrillo, cosmetic chemist and founder of Perfect Image. This process results in a lighter, yellowish substance that meets FDA purity standards, making it ideal for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, Petrillo adds.

Properly refined petroleum jelly is not directly linked to cancer, says Perry Romanowski, an independent cosmetic chemist and co-host of ‌The Beauty Brains‌ podcast. The concern comes from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) — organic compounds found in unrefined or poorly refined petroleum products. However, refined grades like white petrolatum, commonly used in cosmetics, go through rigorous purification processes to eliminate PAHs and are considered safe, Romanowski says.

Petrillo agrees the risk of petroleum jelly being carcinogenic is extremely low. Refining advancements have significantly reduced PAH levels, which are typically associated with crude oil production, gasoline and incomplete combustion.

That said, Petrillo notes it's impossible to guarantee petroleum jelly is completely free of PAHs. But there's no need to panic. Our skin doesn't easily absorb petrolatum due to its thick consistency, meaning it mostly stays on the surface or penetrates only the outer layers, he says. Plus, PAHs are already part of daily life, present in roadways, smoke, exhaust and even water. (For example, road dust contains between 27 to 2,200 mg/kg of PAHs. Contaminants like these in the air are among the most common forms of our exposure to PAHs.)

When it comes to petroleum jelly, safety starts with choosing the right product. The good news? If you're buying from a reputable, large-scale manufacturer in the U.S. or EU, the petroleum jelly is likely safe and meets stringent regulatory standards, Romanowski says. However, smaller brands might use contract manufacturers who don't always adhere to the same safety protocols, he adds. It's also important to note that products labeled as "natural" may not be subject to purity standards nor regulated for PAHs present.

To ensure you're getting a high-quality, safe product, here's what to look for, according to Romanowski and Petrillo:

1. ‌Check for USP or pharmaceutical grade:‌ Look for labels that indicate the product is USP (United States Pharmacopeia) grade or pharmaceutical grade. This guarantees the petroleum jelly has undergone thorough refining to meet high purity standards. If not, there's a chance the product uses a lower technical grade of petroleum jelly.
2. ‌Go for white petrolatum:‌ White petrolatum is a safer choice as it undergoes an extra level of refining to remove impurities. Products labeled as white petrolatum meet USP grade standards and satisfy FDA requirements, ensuring higher purity.

That said, Petrillo reminds us that packaging claims aren't always verified by regulators. While trusted brands are generally reliable, it's wise to stick with established manufacturers known for their compliance with safety standards.

Petroleum jelly is a true multitasker, tackling everything from dry skin to split ends. It owes its superpower to its gel-like consistency that forms a protective barrier, locking in moisture while shielding skin from the outside world, Romanowski says. Here's why it deserves a spot in your routine:

Say goodbye to dryness. Petroleum jelly excels at preventing water loss, keeping your skin hydrated even in harsh conditions, Petrillo says. Whether it's cracked heels or chapped lips, it's your go-to for soft, supple skin and can even protect against rashes and chafing. Plus, as an emollient, it can also smooth rough patches.

Petroleum jelly is a superhero when it comes to skin healing. Its barrier properties keep out harmful bacteria to prevent infection while locking in moisture, which helps minor wounds, burns and irritated skin recover faster, according to Michigan State University. Bonus: It can even reduce the risk of scarring.

This stuff isn't just for skin — petroleum jelly is a beauty hack for your hair, too. Many products contain petroleum jelly because it adds shine, tames flyaways and protects against damage, making it a handy addition to your hair care routine, per Michigan State University.

Petroleum jelly is generally safe — especially if you stick to trusted brands — but, like any product, it's not completely risk-free. Here are a few potential downsides to keep in mind, according to Petrillo and the Mayo Clinic:

• ‌Skin breakouts or irritation‌: While rare, some people may experience clogged pores or mild irritation, particularly if they're prone to acne or have sensitive skin. Petrolatum also can trigger or worsen flare-ups of milia (small, white bumps on the skin), according to the Illinois Dermatology Institute.
• ‌Allergic reactions‌: Allergies to petroleum jelly are extremely uncommon, but they can happen. If you notice redness or itching, stop using it.
• ‌Lipoid pneumonia‌: Applying petroleum jelly inside your nostrils can lead to tiny amounts being inhaled into your lungs over time. This can result in lipoid pneumonia, a rare but serious condition involving lung inflammation. Avoid using petroleum jelly as a nasal moisturizer, just to be safe.

As with any skin care product, a little awareness goes a long way. Stick to reputable brands, follow usage guidelines and consult a professional if you have concerns.

Petroleum jelly is a skin care staple, but it's not your only option. If you're looking for natural alternatives with moisturizing and protective properties, here are a few to consider, according to Petrillo and Romanowski:

1. ‌Coconut oil:‌ Coconut oil is a standout emollient with excellent hydrating properties. Its mild antimicrobial effects make it a great option for soothing dry skin while also providing a bit of protection. Plus, it's lightweight and absorbs easily, leaving skin soft without feeling greasy.
2. ‌Beeswax:‌ For a protective, hydrating barrier, beeswax-based balms are a top choice. Beeswax is particularly popular for lip care, forming a natural seal to lock in moisture and keep chapped lips at bay.
3. ‌Shea butter:‌ Packed with natural fatty acids, shea butter is a go-to for dry and chapped skin. It reduces water loss and restores moisture, making it a versatile option for both face and body care.
4. ‌Lanolin:‌ Lanolin, a natural wax derived from sheep's wool, is highly effective for dry, cracked skin. While it's safe for most people, those with allergies should steer clear.

While these natural options offer great benefits, keep in mind that they're not necessarily safer than petroleum jelly. As Romanowski points out, petroleum jelly is highly regulated and may even be a more reliable choice in terms of purity and safety. Ultimately, your choice comes down to personal preference and what works best for your skin.